Essay:Unemployment

Unemployment means the joblessness of those who are able and willing to
work.Unemployment is a serious social problem.But it is not the problem of a
particular country, it is a world wide problem.The ratio of unemployment is
constantly increasing.

Economists have categorized the causes of unemployment as frictional , seasonal,
structural and cyclical.

Frictional unemployment arises when workers try to seek such
jobs as may fit their ability and taste .Friction in this case refers to the unsuitability
between the worker and the job available .A worker may give up his old
job and try to look for a new one .Sometimes ,it takes time to find a new suitable job.This type
of unemployment can be reduced somewhat by providing the workers with a
 variety of suitable jobs.

Seasonal unemployment occurs when industries have a slow season.Ours is an
agricultural country .In the crop season , new jobs are created .Particularly in cotton
season, cotton factories are run.Then workers are employed there.But when the cotton season
is over the factories are closed and workers are unemployed.Thus seasonal unemployment
occurs.

Structural unemployment arises from an imbalance between the kinds of
workers wanted and the kinds of workers available.The imbalances may be caused by lack of
skills, location, of personal likes and dislikes.New rapid developments are taking place in
technology.This necessitates new skilled workers in industries.Thus industries
are left without a job.Sometimes a plant in a declining  industry is closed .It throws 
the workers out of work .Sometimes ,a plant is shifted to another place.The workers
who are unable or unwilling to move to the area are lift jobless.

Cyclical unemployment results from a general lack of demand for labour.When
the business cycle turns downward ,demand for goods and services drops; the workers are laid
off.

Unemployment is not a petty problem in its nature .It is a very grave problem.It
hinders the smooth running of a country.Therefore ,it should be tackled before
it paralyzes the whole structure of society.The following steps can be of
tremendous help in this regard.

First, the education system should be modified.The present system is
producing such educated men as are good for nothing.They are not skilled and technically
trained.Th make the situation even worse ,they expect decent jobs.They do not accept
menial jobs and, therefore remain unemployed .The government should
introduce such system of education as may produce skilled workers.IN this regard, vocational
and technical institutes should be opened.second , new industries should be set up to
create more opportunities for employment.Third , steps should be taken to control the
population .Fourth, cottage industry should be promoted in towns and
villages.If these steps are taken ,the problem may be solved